5. Replace faulty HDD cable
When the HDD cable fails to transmit the electronic signals between the logic board and the hard disk drive, you will get a “mac flashing folder with question mark”. It could be caused by a faulty cable connector on the logic board or faulty HDD cable.
Examine the cable connector and make sure there is no foreign object in the connector. All the pins of the connector should be clean and corrosion-free.
Apple uses flex cable to connect the SATA hard drive to the logic board. The flex HDD cables could be broken due to stress and bent over time. Failure of HDD cable is very common in the 13” MacBook Pro 2012 model.
When the flex HDD cable is fitted to the MacBook, it bends to 90 degrees twice on the edge of the super drive shown below. The copper wire inside the flexible plastic tends to be broken at the bent section over time. The defective section can not be seen by naked eyes. It can be detected by a multimeter (continuity test) or examined by a microscope at the bent section. If in doubt replace it with a good HDD cable.
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